These eruptions are thought to have caused considerable environmental stress - including severe global warming resulting from the release of carbon dioxide and a reduction in the oxygen content of oceans, suffocating marine life. Rather than a brief, explosive episode, the formation of this 'large igneous province' saw some 1 million cubic miles (4 million cubic kilometres) of rock emplaced in the form of runny lava over the course of two million years.
The End-Permian extinction is commonly linked to different volcanic activity - specifically the eruption of flood basalts that make up Russia's vast Siberian Traps.
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